The literature review addresses the limitations of aggregated data that homogenizes Black identities, emphasizing the critical need for data disaggregation. It argues that treating Black communities as monolithic obscures significant differences and inequalities within the group, impacting resource allocation, policy-making, and the effectiveness of targeted interventions. The review advocates for more nuanced, detailed demographic data collection methodologies to understand the diverse cultural, economic, and social experiences within Black populations. By disaggregating data, policymakers and researchers can better identify unique challenges faced by subgroups, leading to targeted and equitable solutions. It promotes nuanced analytical approaches that accurately represent diverse Black identities and experiences, informing more equitable outcomes.
The literature review analyzes the role of clothing and fashion as forms of anti-fashion and protest messaging within Black communities. It explores how clothing styles have historically been utilized as powerful mediums for political expression, identity formation, and resistance against systemic oppression. The review discusses various fashion movements, highlighting how marginalized groups reclaim and redefine fashion as a statement against mainstream societal norms and injustices. It emphasizes the symbolic power of attire to communicate social, cultural, and political messages, often subverting dominant narratives. The literature review argues for greater acknowledgment of fashion as a legitimate and influential form of activism, reflecting broader struggles for racial equity.
The literature review examines the equity implications of bike lanes and Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs) in urban areas, particularly London. It critiques the implementation of LTNs as exclusionary, often lacking adequate community consultation, disproportionately affecting marginalized and low-income communities. The document highlights that cycling infrastructure can unintentionally reflect socioeconomic disparities, creating a sense of exclusion from cycling culture for minority and lower-income groups. Recommendations include adopting culturally sensitive, community-driven approaches to infrastructure planning, increasing targeted physical activity initiatives, and emphasizing inclusive consultations. A more critical approach to urban planning is advocated to ensure equitable health benefits and meaningful participation from diverse communities.
The literature review examines Brixton as a significant locale for subaltern counter-public spheres—alternative discursive spaces formed by marginalized communities to challenge dominant societal narratives. Highlighting Brixton's rich history of black activism, radical politics, and cultural resistance, it emphasizes spaces like community centers, bookshops, and activist collectives. These venues have historically facilitated discussions around identity, social justice, police brutality, institutional racism, and health. Brixton’s counter-public spheres have empowered marginalized voices, enabling them to resist socio-political oppression, develop resistance identities, and engage in transformative dialogues. The document emphasizes the importance of such spaces for fostering grassroots activism, inclusive debates, and social change.
The literature review addresses community action research for environmental justice in London's marginalized communities, emphasizing how communities of color disproportionately face environmental harms like pollution and climate change. Critiquing traditional decision-making processes for their inaccessibility and lack of community engagement, it advocates grassroots participation through equitable partnerships, local capacity building, and culturally relevant communication strategies. Eco-entrepreneurship is highlighted as a pathway to economic empowerment and environmental improvement. The review underscores the importance of building trust, using community knowledge, adopting inclusive metrics, and utilizing creative dissemination methods. It calls for inclusive, culturally sensitive approaches to ensure equitable environmental justice and sustainability for marginalized urban communities.
The Community Research Framework outlines an innovative approach termed "urbanisation," which emphasizes collaborative, culturally competent research in complex urban environments. Recognizing past failures of traditional, extraction-based research methods, particularly within marginalised urban communities, it advocates inclusive practices through reciprocal, transparent partnerships. Key elements include co-ownership, continuous dialogue, cultural competence, and urban social brokerage, utilizing insider and outsider perspectives. The framework emphasizes reflective practices, cultural sensitivity, and epistemic disobedience—challenging traditional Western paradigms. It aims for authentic, equitable research partnerships, ensuring communities actively shape research stages, mitigating historical distrust and skepticism resulting from previous exploitative research practices.
The literature review reviews community-based research, highlighting its evolution and methodological practices. It critiques traditional "extraction models," advocating instead for collaborative, participatory approaches involving community members as co-researchers. Effective community research integrates equitable partnerships, cultural competency, reflective practices, and transparency. Ethical considerations include respecting community ownership of research outcomes and avoiding exploitation. Recommendations emphasize reciprocal relationships, continuous co-learning, and balancing rigorous scientific standards with community insights. The literature review suggests that truly impactful community research requires active community participation at all stages, facilitating equitable health outcomes and addressing systemic inequalities often overlooked by traditional research methods.
The document explores the intersection of medical populism, health vulnerability, and rising far-right sentiment in Europe, examining its implications for healthcare, particularly in the UK. It highlights how far-right populist movements exploit health anxieties and propagate exclusionary policies, particularly restricting healthcare access for immigrants and minorities. The paper also addresses how populist skepticism towards public health measures, evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, undermines trust in healthcare systems. Additionally, it suggests individuals inclined toward far-right populism might exhibit poorer health outcomes due to perceived vulnerabilities. The document advocates awareness of the health impacts of far-right ideologies, emphasizing safeguarding equitable healthcare policies.
The literature review explores "narrative credibility" as a framework for understanding and evaluating personal accounts in trauma, mental health, and healthcare contexts. It emphasizes how personal narratives offer valuable insights into individuals' experiences and the significance of assessing these narratives' credibility to improve treatment and support systems. The document reviews literature highlighting challenges in establishing narrative credibility, including biases, subjectivity, and differing perspectives between narrators and listeners. It argues for a nuanced, empathetic approach that validates personal experience, promoting deeper comprehension and better therapeutic outcomes. The document concludes that embracing narrative credibility enhances clinical practice by affirming patient experiences and improving care quality.
The literature review explores the integration of positive psychology and proactive coping strategies into digital technologies aimed at facilitating behavioral change. It emphasizes leveraging technology to enhance individual well-being and proactive coping skills, which involves anticipating challenges and engaging in behaviors that promote health and resilience. The literature review highlights how digital platforms can effectively support psychological interventions, foster personal growth, and improve mental health outcomes by providing accessible, personalized, and engaging tools. The review argues for further research and development of digital solutions grounded in positive psychology principles, emphasizing user-centric designs that empower users to take proactive, meaningful steps towards sustained behavior change.
The literature review discusses relational ethics in community research, focusing on equity, trust-building, and mutual respect. It critiques traditional research ethics frameworks as insufficiently responsive to community dynamics, emphasizing the importance of reciprocal relationships between researchers and communities. The review advocates for ethical approaches grounded in ongoing dialogue, transparency, shared decision-making, and power redistribution to ensure authentic community participation. It highlights how relational ethics can mitigate historical exploitation and research fatigue among marginalized populations, fostering genuine collaboration. By prioritizing relationships and equitable partnerships, the literature review proposes a transformative ethical model that ensures research processes and outcomes are both relevant and beneficial to the communities involved.
The literature review, authored by Shaun Danquah, proposes "Rethinking Research" as a transformative approach prioritizing marginalized communities. Critiquing traditional methodologies as extractive, exclusionary, and disconnected from community realities, Danquah emphasizes moving towards a culturally competent, dialogical, and equitable research framework. This new model rejects tokenism, emphasizes local knowledge, and challenges elitist research paradigms. It seeks to empower communities through co-produced knowledge, dismantling dominant biases and power imbalances in academia. Central to this methodology is valuing lived experiences equally alongside academic credentials, fostering reciprocity, challenging the "saviour complex," and ensuring genuine participation and ownership of research outcomes by communities involved.
The literature review explores "Street Corner Innovation" and the informal economy—termed "System D"—in South London, particularly within marginalized communities. It examines how these informal economic activities serve as entrepreneurial responses to economic exclusion and limited opportunities in mainstream markets. The literature review critiques traditional views that dismiss informal economies as merely criminal or deviant, arguing instead that these enterprises display creativity, resilience, and innovation. It emphasizes understanding these economies through a community-centric approach, highlighting their potential to contribute positively to local economic resilience. The literature review also addresses the need for policy frameworks to recognize and support these informal entrepreneurial activities rather than criminalizing them.
The literature review addresses trauma-informed research ethics, emphasizing sensitivity to the experiences and vulnerabilities of trauma-affected participants. It critiques conventional research methods for inadequately recognizing the potential retraumatization risks, calling for ethical guidelines specifically attuned to trauma contexts. It outlines principles such as safety, trustworthiness, empowerment, choice, and collaboration, suggesting these principles are essential for ethically engaging trauma survivors. The literature review advocates for integrating trauma-informed practices throughout research processes, from planning and consent to data collection and dissemination, ensuring participants' psychological safety and dignity. Ultimately, it highlights the necessity of researcher accountability and trauma literacy to ethically support and safeguard vulnerable research participants.
The literature review explores the impact of air pollution within urban communities, focusing specifically on marginalized groups who disproportionately experience its adverse effects. It critiques traditional research approaches as insufficiently inclusive and disconnected from affected communities. The literature review advocates for community-based participatory research (CBPR), emphasizing collaborative, inclusive methodologies that integrate local voices, lived experiences, and indigenous knowledge. Recommendations highlight the importance of culturally sensitive, equitable partnerships between researchers and communities, ensuring meaningful participation throughout the research process. Ethical considerations, including transparency, trust-building, reciprocity, and co-ownership, are essential to mitigate historical mistrust and produce actionable, locally relevant outcomes that address systemic health inequalities.
The literature review critically examines who defines metrics for evaluating Black-led initiatives. It argues that current evaluation metrics, predominantly set by elite institutions, overlook cultural context, perpetuate inequality, and marginalized community voices. Metrics often favor organizations adept at navigating bureaucratic systems, disadvantaging authentic grassroots groups. The review advocates for community-driven metrics, emphasizing local knowledge, lived experience, and cultural relevance. It proposes shifting power dynamics through collaborative, equitable data ownership ("data democracy"), challenging entrenched inequalities. By redefining evaluation frameworks to center marginalized voices, the literature review highlights the need for systemic change, transparency, and genuine community participation in setting meaningful metrics.